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Blog, Vol 2 Issue 2

Chronic Reactive Arthritis Following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Instillations: A Case Report and Review

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Hermon Eyob Fesseha1*, Laura sundell2, Mari Ala-Houhala3, Alexandra Häme4, Mohammadreza Shoghli5, Siyamak Jalal Hosseini6 , Yosan Eyob7 1Hermon Eyob Fesseha1, Cardiology resident, Peijas Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS), University of Eastern Finland; 2MD, internal medicine and rheumatology, chief physician in Peijas Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) department of internal medicine, [email protected]; 3MD, infectious disease specialist, Peijas Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), [email protected]; 4MD, rheumatologist, Peijas Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), [email protected]; 5 Ph.D. Helsinki, Department of Population Study, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, [email protected]; 6MD, Doctor of Medicine, Professor (Assistant) at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]; 7MD, general practitioner in private clinic Pihlajalinna, Finland, [email protected] 1*Corresponding Author: Dr Hermon Eyob Fesseha, Cardiology resident, Peijas Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS), University of Eastern Finland, Finland, Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory joint condition that typically develops days to weeks after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection. While it is often associated with a classic triad of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis, many patients may not exhibit all three symptoms. Previously known as “Reiter syndrome,” named after Hans Reiter, ReA is thought to result from an abnormal autoimmune response to infections caused by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, or Chlamydia. Recognizing this connection is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. Case Description: A 67-year-old male developed reactive arthritis (ReA) following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (iBCG) therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Elevated inflammatory markers and a negative HLA-B27 result were noted. The symptoms were attributed to iBCG-related ReA, leading to the discontinuation of iBCG treatment. Outcome: Initial treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids was ineffective, necessitating disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for sustained remission and symptom control. Although chronic arthritis requiring prolonged DMARD therapy is uncommon, the patient required over 1.5 years of DMARD treatment to manage symptoms effectively. Keywords: iBCG intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, DMARD disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 2

Primary and secondary Pregnancy outcomes of Rural Women with Early Gestational Glucose Intolerance (EGGI) of a Tertiary care hospital in India

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Boddu Anuja1, Sanjev Dave2*, Prashant Dahire3, Rashmi Pandey4, Anuradha Dave 5, Ridima Kamal6 1*Dr. Boddu Anuja, Department of Community Medicine, SRTR Govt Medical College, Ambejogai, Beed, Maharashtra, India 2Sanjev Dave, HOD Community Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiya UP-206244, India 3Associate Prof, SRTR Medical College, Community Medicine, Ambajogai, India 4Department of Community Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India-250005 5Assistant Professor Biochemistry, Govt Medical College, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, Uttar Pradesh, India 6Public Health Consultant, Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Submitted: 28 June 2025; Accepted: 10 July2025; Published: 20 July 2025 Corresponding Author: 2*Prof Dr Sanjev Dave, HOD Community Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiya, UP206244.email: [email protected] Background: The rising prevalence of GDM is primarily driven by modifiable risk factors like obesity, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and pre-existing insulin resistance, which can be reduced through early interventions. Aim of study: This study aimed to determine early prediction of hyperglycemia and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant rural women by early screening of dysglycemia in 8-10 weeks of gestation. Methodology: This study was focused on 135 antenatal care (ANC) mothers in rural areas, given the importance of this population. It explored various parameters, including demographic factors, postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels, and Oral Glucose Challenge Test (OGCT) at specific times. Results: It was found that elevated early PPBS levels were linked to a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, large for gestational age (LGA) babies, preterm births, increased NICU admissions, and elevated rates of pregnancy-related hypertension and gestational hypertension. Conclusion: Women with elevated early PPBS levels ≥110 mg/dl who received targeted management showed improvements in controlling blood glucose levels, potentially reducing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The study advocates for early detection of elevated blood glucose levels, which enables timely interventions such as dietary education and lifestyle modifications.

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 2

The effect of dog rose fruit on blood glucose and lipids in the rabbits

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Taherah Mohammadabadi1* Submitted: 1 July 2025; Accepted: 20 July 2025; Published: 20 July 2025 1* Professor, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran. Email: [email protected] Corresponding Author: 1*Professor, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran. email: [email protected] Key Words: Dog Rose Fruit, Blood Glucose, Lipids, Triglyceride Abstract The current study was conducted to study the effects of dog rose fruit on blood sugar and fat in New Zealand rabbits. The 30 New Zealand rabbits were fed a control diet, and 15 % and 25% of the dogs rose randomly. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the rabbits’ hearts, and glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL were determined. 25% dog rose decreased the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and glucose compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). This research shows that dog rose fruit can reduce blood glucose and fat. Keywords: Blood sugar, blood fat, dog rose fruit, rabbit.

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 2

Benefits of milk thistle plant for diabetes and liver health

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Taherah Mohammadabadi1* Submitted: 10 June 2025; Accepted: 20 June 2025; Published: 10 July 2025 1* Professor, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran. Email: [email protected] Key Words: Milk thistle, Diabetes, liver health, silymarin Milk thistle properties The dried seed extract of the remarkable milk thistle plant, Silybum marianum, is a powerhouse of health benefits, containing 1% to 4% silymarin—a potent compound known for its strong antioxidant and liver-protective properties. This extract consists of 65% to 80% silymarin (a complex of flavonolignans) and 20% to 35% beneficial fatty acids, including linoleic acid. Milk thistle has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Still, recent statements from Cancer Research UK emphasize the need for further rigorous scientific trials to fully understand its potential role in cancer treatment and prevention. Nevertheless, this exceptional herb has garnered attention for its impressive ability to address gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, toxicity, and liver irritation. Silymarin is particularly effective for lowering LDL cholesterol levels in those with hypercholesterolemia and is a valuable ally in reducing blood sugar levels for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, its neuroprotective qualities prevent brain damage caused by blood clotting by combating molecular inflammation in the brain. Silymarin also stimulates liver regeneration and serves as a vital protector of liver health. Milk  Keywords: Milk thistle, medicinal herb, liver protection, diabetes.

Blog, Vol 1 Issue 4

IDF atlas 2025: Global Diabetes Prevalence and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Nilanjan Dam1, Abhishek Verma2, Abhimanyou Singh Jasrotia3, Garima4, Jaya Bajpai5, Nitin6, Rishabh kumar7. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 PG Students, Department of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, RMCHRC, Kanpur Submitted: 20 April 2025; Accepted: 26 April 2025; Published: 28 April 2025 Corresponding Author: Dr. Nilanjan Dam, MD Fellow, Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P., India. Email: [email protected] Introduction India is one of the seven countries and territories in the IDF South-East Asia region, a pivotal area in the fight against diabetes. Currently, a staggering 589 million people around the globe have diabetes, with 107 million of them in the SEA region alone. Alarmingly, projections indicate that this number could surge to 185 million by 2050. We must address this growing health crisis with urgency and commitment. Diabetes in India (2024) In India, the total adult population is 947,373,600, and 10.5% of the age group 20 to 79 are suffering from Diabetes, with 89,826900 adult cases. Diabetes has reached pandemic levels, and India has become the diabetes capital, with 89.8 million people affected in 2024 (10.5% of the population). This number is projected to rise to 156.7 million by 2050(Figure 1). It is crucial to shift our focus towards the primordial prevention of diabetes. We need a reliable test for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) so that timely and appropriate interventions can be initiated [1].

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 1

Gestational Diabetes Diagnosis by DIPSI & IADPSG Criteria in observational study in Italian Population

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Sanjev Dave, Submitted: 12 April 2025; Accepted: 21 April 2025; Published: 28 April 2025 Corresponding Author: 1Prof Dr Sanjev Dave, HOD Community Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiya (UP-206244). [email protected] There is no universal consensus for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus around the Globe, even in the same country, two guidelines are followed; one observational retrospective study done in Italy, of the 1015 pregnant women studied, 80% were 811 Italian [1]. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was identified in 113 cases (11.1%) using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria, while the Indian Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (DIPSI) criteria diagnosed 105 patients (10.3%).

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 1

The effect of dried camel milk on blood parameters in the diabetic cases

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Taherah Mohammadabadi1 *, Rajesh Jain2 1 Professor, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran 2Consultant Diabetes, Jain Hospital, Kanpur, India Submitted: 1 April 2025; Accepted: 10 April 2025; Published: 29 April 2024 1*Corresponding author: Prof Dr Taherah Mohammadabadi, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran. Email: [email protected] Abstract Traditionally, in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, camel milk is consumed regularly for diabetes, and a lower incidence of diabetes occurs by drinking camel milk. Since fresh camel milk is not available for all people globally, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of camel milk powder in diabetic patients. About 15 grams/day of camel milk powder was used in 6 type 1 diabetic cases injected with insulin, for 3 months in two groups. The results showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose in camel milk powder patients. Blood sugar reduced from 113 to 98 mg /dL, and LDL decreased significantly from 95 to 73 mg/dL. The results showed that the average dose of required insulin before consuming camel’s milk powder was 42±5 u/day, gradually decreasing to 30 ± 6 u/day, three months after taking camel milk powder. After 3 months, consuming 15 g camel milk powder, two times daily, decreased fasting blood glucose, required insulin dose, total cholesterol, and LDL. Thus, camel milk powder may exhibit antidiabetic activity in diabetic patients and improve cardiovascular disorders and other complications. Keywords: camel milk, diabetes, blood glucose, health

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 1

Can Yoga help in Preventive & Therapeutic Practice?

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Sanjev Dave , Mukesh Vir Singh2, Rashmi Pandey3, Anuradha Dave4, Rajesh Jain5 , Ridima Kamal6. 1Prof Dr Sanjev Dave, HOD Community Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiya (UP-206244) 2Principal & Professor- Paediatrics, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiya (UP-206244) 3Assistant Professor Biochemistry, Govt Medical College, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, Uttar Pradesh)- India 4Prof Dr Department of Community Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)- India-250005 5Professor, Director, Jain Medical Centre, Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)- India 6 Public Health Consultant, Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.  Submitted: 10 April 2025; Accepted: 25 April 2025; Published: 29 April 2025 Corresponding Author: Prof. Dr Sanjev Dave, HOD Community Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiya (UP-206244). [email protected] Introduction An old practice rooted in Indian philosophy, yoga integrates physical posture (asana), breathing techniques (pranayama), meditation (dhyana), and ethical fields to promote a general well. For thousands of years, yoga has been rooted partly in Indian philosophy and traditional Indian spiritual practices [1]. The role of yoga has recently expanded. Yoga is currently a popular physical and mental health method, adapted to international complementary and integrative medicine [2]. In the latter environment, yoga often includes physical posture, breath control, deep relaxation, and meditation/mindfulness techniques. In Western society, yoga is increasingly popular as a preventive and therapeutic practice, and is one of the treatments with the fastest increase in prevalence [3], as seen in a study [4]. Over the years, yoga has gained global recognition for improving flexibility and relaxation, but also a powerful preventive and therapeutic device for various health conditions. Therefore, health service providers are increasingly presented with patients who use yoga to treat health conditions and those of interest [4]. Yoga-based initiatives are becoming popular in promoting wellness in communities, businesses, and schools, and now, primary health care integration via AYUSH programs (India) is underway [5-7]. Let’s look at the important Preventive and therapeutic functions of Yoga as seen from studies [5-7]. Numerous positive advantages are also linked to yoga.

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 1

Review of spot Test and significance of Post Prandial Blood Glucose (PPBG) ≥110 mg/dl in 8-10 weeks of Pregnancy

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Abstract: Metformin & MNT are used from 8 to 10 weeks of pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes. According to Dr. Seshiah, significant changes occur in maternal metabolism when fetal insulin secretion begins. Hyperglycemia can lead to non-communicable diseases later in life, which is why gestational diabetes is often referred to as a precursor to these conditions. It is important to avoid the transgenerational transmission of diabetes. Spot Test was discovered by the V Seshiah group 40 years ago, with 105 mg/dl by plasma lab value and 110 mg/dl by plasma calibrated Glucometer, which are equal values.

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