Author name: jainhospitals

Diabetes
Volume 1 Issue 1

A study of the prevalence of Risk factors of Non-Communicable diseases amongst medical students in Rama Medical College, Kanpur

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Research Article Lakshmi Singh,1Anju Gahlot,2Atul Kumar Singh3 1Senior Resident, 2Professor, 3Professor 1,2,3 Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P, India. Submitted: 29 June 2024; Accepted: 15 July 2024; Published: 20 July 2024 Corresponding Author: Dr Lakshmi Singh, Sen Resident, Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur, India. Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION •Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are slowly progressive. They are of long duration and responsible for more than 50% of the global burden of disease, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic lung disease. • few studies to date have examined the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among UGs and PGs. Out of the available studies, tobacco and alcohol use prevalence was 9.0% in UGs and 7.1% in PGs; however, they may be at a higher risk of substance use problems due to higher stress levels. • Few studies on NCDs and their risk factors have been conducted among medical students in Kanpur, so we have planned this study in this area. AIM: To study the prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among medical students at Rama Medical College, Kanpur. MATERIAL AND METHODS • Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on undergraduate medical students at Rama Medical College, Kanpur, from January 2021 to September 2022. • This study used simple random sampling, prepared using the total MBBS student list of four batches from their attendance register. •362 students were randomly selected in MS EXCEL by random number table. •First year to final year  MBBS were included while those who were unwilling excluded. •Data analysis was done by using the software SPSS version 20. The prevalence of NCD risk factors was presented in frequencies and percentages. Most of the variables in this study were categorical, so statistical significance was tested using the Chi-square test and p-value (p-value ≤0.05 is statistically significant, and > 0.05 is not important), and also, the strength of association was tested between risk factors using the independent t-test. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of physical activity in female students was 51.05%, and in male students, it was 48.94%. A large segment of students was nonsmokers (91.16%). Among students who were smoking i.e., 15.15% were smoking more than 3 packets per week. The prevalence of smoking was highest among male students (93.75%), with the most common age group being 21-26 years. Only 3.87% of students agreed to consume alcohol. Out of which 71.43%were taking < 2 pegs /week. The dietary assessment further revealed that 59.12 % were on a mixed diet, 69.34 % had a history of junk food consumption, and 73.48% took snacks between meals. RECOMMENDATION: Outdoor activities should be encouraged, and junk food should be restricted. Government policy: Increase taxes on cigarettes; decrease the advertisement of tobacco and alcohol.Vegetable and fruit intake. Avoid snacks in between meals. Avoid junk food. Avoid smoking and alcohol intake. Blood pressure screening should be done through regular health checkups among medical students. Screening for raised blood sugar should be done at admission and at regular intervals. REFERENCES: 2. Ramakrishna GS, Sankara Sarma P, Thankappan KR. Tobacco use among medical students in Orissa. Natl Med J India. 2005 Nov-Dec;18(6):285-9. PMID: 16483025 3. Seshadri S. Substance abuse among medical students and doctors: A call for action.NatlMedJIndia.2008;21(2):57–59 4. 4. British Medical Association.The Misuse of Alcohol and Other Drugs by Doctors. London: British Medical Association;1998 Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable All the authors declared “No Conflict of Interest” with this publication. Not applicable This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Cite this article: Lakshmi Singh,1Anju Gahlot,2Atul Kumar Singh3. A study of the prevalence of Risk factors of Non-Communicable diseases amongst medical students in Rama Medical College, Kanpur. Diabetes Asia Journal. 2024; 1(1):56-59

Biomedical waste
Volume 1 Issue 1

Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding biomedical waste management(BMWM) among healthcare workers in Tertiary care facility

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Research Article Dr. Nilanjan Dam1, Dr. Poonam Kushwaha2, Dr. Saket Shekhar3, Dr. S.P. Singh4, Dr. Anju Gahlot5 1. MD Fellow, Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P., India; 2 Assistant Prof, Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P., India; 4Associate Prof, Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P., India; 5 Professor and HOD, Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P, India. Submitted: 20 June 2024; Accepted: 28 June 2024; Published: 29 July 5 2024 Corresponding Author: Dr. Nilanjan Dam, MD Fellow, Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur, U.P., India. Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Biomedical waste management is critical to India’s public health and environmental protection. With the rapid growth of the healthcare sector, biomedical waste generation has increased significantly, posing challenges in its proper handling, treatment, and disposal. This comprehensive analysis provides an overview of the current status of biomedical waste management in India, including the regulatory framework, categorization of waste, segregation practices, collection and transportation methods, treatment and disposal technologies, record-keeping requirements, training and awareness programs, monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, and emerging trends. The analysis also explores the challenges healthcare facilities, regulatory authorities, and other stakeholders face in ensuring effective biomedical waste management and proposes strategies to address these challenges. Furthermore, it discusses innovative approaches and future directions to promote sustainable biomedical waste management practices and safeguard public health and the environment. Efforts to combat the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have significantly increased the quantity of bio-medical waste (BMW) generation. Emphasis should be given to awareness and training all HCWs regarding proper BMW management during this pandemic to prevent infection transmission.[1] Bio-medical waste (BMW) management is of utmost importance as its improper management seriously threatens healthcare workers, waste handlers, patients, caregivers, the community, and the environment. Simultaneously, the health care providers should know the quantity of waste generated in their facility and try to reduce the waste generation in day-to-day work because a lesser BMW amount means a lesser burden on waste disposal work and cost savings.[2] Evolution of Biomedical Waste Management Rules in India The management of biomedical waste in India has evolved over the years in response to growing concerns about its impact on public health and the environment. The journey of regulatory development in this area can be summarized as follows: Waste management has become critical, posing potential health risks and environmental damage. It has taken a central place in the national health policy and is attracting considerable international interest. India participated in the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June 1972, where decisions were taken to take appropriate steps to protect and improve the human environment.[4] The safe & sustainable management of BMWs is a legal and social responsibility of everyone involved in providing or utilizing healthcare services (i.e., patients, families, HCWs, hospital administration, and health system). The BMW Rules, 2016 (further amended in 2018 & 2019) is a joint product of research made by agencies such as the Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Health Care Without Harm, and the Centre for Environmental Health under the Public Health Foundation of India. This guideline was introduced to create a stringent and elaborate set of rules and change how BMWs are managed in India. Monitoring the activities in health facilities and their compliance with the standard guidelines is important, as proper compliance with BMW practices ensures the safety of patients and HCWs.[5] Healthcare waste (HCW) includes all the waste medical facilities generate. It comprises waste produced during testing, treatment, or vaccination of humans or animals. The quantity of general (non-hazardous) waste is 70–80% of total waste generated by health care facilities (HCFs).[6] Pathology, microbiology, blood bank, and other diagnostic laboratories generate a sizable amount of biomedical waste (BMW). BMW’s audit is required to plan proper strategies. The audit in our laboratory revealed 8 kgs of anatomical waste, 600 kgs of microbiology waste, 220 kgs waste sharps, 15 kgs of soiled waste, 111 kgs of solid waste, 480 liters of liquid waste along with 33,000 liters per month of liquid waste generated from labware washing and laboratory cleaning and 162 liters of chemical waste per month.[7] Devoted healthcare workers and facilities are also significant. Further, the proper and continuous monitoring of BMW is a vital necessity. Therefore, developing environmentally friendly methods and the right plan and protocols for the disposal of BMW is very important to achieve the goal of a green and clean environment. This review article aims to provide systematic, evidence-based information and an organized, comprehensive study of BMW[8]. BACKGROUND In healthcare facilities, a significant amount of infectious material and biomedical waste (BMW) is produced during patient care, and healthcare professionals regularly handle these materials. Therefore, healthcare professionals must have the necessary knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding managing BMW. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study is, therefore, conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of BMW management among healthcare workers in our institution.  MATERIAL AND METHOD The Institution, cross-sectional study will be conducted among all health care workers (paramedical staff, nursing staff, lab technicians, attendants, GNM and other trainees) of either sex, any age, involved in various procedures done during diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccination etc. outpatient departments (OPD), indoor patient departments (IPD) and emergency/ causality of Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur, those who will give consent, with total enumerative sampling from August 2023 onwards. Subjects will be recruited after informed consent. Data collection and entry will be done using Google Forms. Collected data will be tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted by Jamovi 2.2.5.0. Continuous data will be presented as frequency, percentage, and Mean and SD. Categorical variables will be presented as frequency & percentages. Appropriate statistical tests will be applied accordingly. 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-value (<0.05) will be considered significant. Confidentiality of the given information will be maintained. Ethical approval will be obtained from the Institutional Ethical and Research Advisory Committee, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur. RESULTS Profile of study subjects- In the study, females 159 (78.3%) outnumbered males 44 (21.7%). The mean age of

Physical Activity
Volume 1 Issue 1

Level of Physical Activity and Relationship with Alcohol Use Among Youth: A Cross-sectional Study

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Research Article Manmohan Yadav,1 Vadlamudi Siddarth,2 Vishal Chauhan,3 Anju Gahlot4 1,2,3MBBS Student, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, 4Prof Department of Community Medicine, RMCHRC, Kanpur. Submitted: 18 June 2024; Accepted: 28 June 2024; Published: 29 June 2024 Corresponding Author: Vishal Chauhan, MBBS Student, Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Alcohol use and physical inactivity are major risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Adequate physical activity keeps one healthy, but a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to other unhealthy practices like Alcohol use. They address them more strategically. Objectives: To assess the level of physical activity and identify its association with Alcohol use among college-going youth at Rama University, Kanpur. Material & Methods: Data on physical activity and Alcohol use were collected from students aged 18-24 studying medical and non-medical courses at Rama University through an online questionnaire. We used a self-modified questionnaire based on the Global Adult Alcohol Survey (GATS) to assess Alcohol use status and the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) to assess physical activity. Results: The chance of consuming Alcohol is significantly lower among physically active respondents. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a significant relationship between physical activity and Alcohol use among youth. Promotion of physical activity may be a useful educational tool for reducing Alcohol use. Introduction Alcohol use is an important modifiable risk factor for major non-communicable diseases NCDs [1]. Globally, more than 1.1 billion people use Alcohol, which is significantly more common among males than females. This alarming number represents about one-third of the global population aged 15 years and above [2]. The problem is of particular concern in India, where tobacco-related mortality is highest. According to the Global Adult Alcohol Survey 2016-17, current Alcohol users in India among youth aged 15-24 years is 12.4% [3.4]. People who start using Alcohol at an early age are more likely to develop serious health complications [5]. According to the ICMR-INDIAB study, 54.4% of the Indian population surveyed were found to be physically inactive [6]. Recently, India’s performance was fairly poor in the concurrent preparation of Report Cards on the physical activity of children and youth in 38 world countries [7]. Growing evidence reveals a bidirectional relationship between Alcohol use and physical activity. Another systematic review shows that exercise seems to have a protective effect against smoking as well as a supportive impact on smoking cessation treatments[8]. Aims and Objective This study assesses the relationship between tobacco use and physical activity among college-going youth at Rama University, Kanpur. MATERIAL&METHODS Study Type: Cross-sectional study. Study Population: A college-based survey was conducted among the youth population. StudyArea: RamaUniversity, Kanpur. PeriodofStudy:01October,2023 to 28 October, 2023[4Weeks] SampleSize: 200 Sampling Method: Simple Random Method inclusion criteria: exclusion criteria: Strategy for collection: All students were divided into two strata – Medical & Non-Medical. The field investigator (FI)visited the students and explained the needs, objectives, and methodology for the study. Then a google form was shared among the students. The respondents were briefed up about the study objectives and were encouraged to clarify doubts before or during filling up the questionnaire. No names or emails were collected to maintain the anonymity of the respondents. We used a self-modified questionnaire based on the Global Adult Alcohol Survey (GATS) for assessing Alcohol use status and GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) for assessment of physical activity. RESULTS The study included 200 students aged 18-24 from medical and non-medical courses. The majority were males (72.5%). Current alcohol users were 13%, and least physical activity was observed in 27.5%. [Table1] The socio-demographic profile along with Alcohol use and level of physical activity of respondents is shown in [Table-1] The relationship between physical activity and Alcohol use among youth [Table] shows that non-alcohol users were physically more active (moderately active, 58.6% +veryactive,15.5%=74.1%) compared to Alcohol users (moderately active, 34.6% + very active, 26.9% = 61.5%). The inactivity level was higher among Alcohol users (38.4%) as compared to non-alcohol users (25.8%). The relationship between Gender and Alcohol use [Table 4] shows that there were more Alcohol users in males (69.4%) as compared to females (30.6%). Gender: Do You Want to Quit alcohol to enhance your physical activities? How much time has passed since you started consuming alcohol?     Have you noticed a reduction in your physique or stamina due to consuming alcohol? TABLE 1: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICPROFILEOFCOLLEGEGOINGYOUTHOFRAMAUNIVERSITY, KANPUR   Variable   Number(N=200)   %   Male 112 56.5% Gender     Female   88 43.5%   18-20   104   52.5%   Age Group(years)   21-22   54   27.%   23-24   42   21.5%   Non-Alcoholusers   170   85% Alcohol Use(Present)     Alcoholusers   30 15%   Alcohol Use(Past)   Non-Alcohol users   166   83% [Last consumption of             Alcohol>1year back] Alcohol users 34 17%   Not so Active   55   27.5%   Physical Activity Level   Moderately Active   109   54.5%     Very Active   36   18% TABLE 2: RELATIONSHIPOFPHYSICALACTIVITYANDALCOHOLUSEAMONGYOUTH   Physical ActivityLevel Non-Alcohol users(N=170) Alcohol users(N=30)   Numbers                                  %   Numbers   % NotsoActive 44                                   22% 12 6% Moderately Active   100                                  50%   10   5% VeryActive 26                                   13% 8 4% TABLE 3: RELATIONSHIP OF GENDER AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY         Gender PhysicalActivityLevel Not so Active (N=55) Moderately Active (N=109)   Very Active(N=36) Numbers                  % Numbers % Numbers % Male 44                   80% 76 69.7% 25 69.4% Female 11                   20% 33 30.3% 11 30.6%   TABLE 4: RELATIONSHIPOFGENDERANDALCOHOLUSE       Gender         Male     Female   Non-Alcohol users (N=174)   Alcohol users(N=26)                                            Numbers                                 % Numbers %   98                                57.6%   22   83.4%   72                                 42.4%   8   26.6% DISCUSSION The present study was an attempt to assess the level of physical activity and its relationship with Alcohol use. We found that almost one-fourth of the participants were physically inactive, and almost one-fourth of the participants were exposed to tobacco. Both these variables showed significant inverse associations in the study. Another finding observed in

Teheran heart center
Volume 1 Issue 1

Comparative Analysis of Sternal Closure Methods Following CABG Surgery: A Study from the Tehran Heart Center

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Research Article Siyamak Jalal Hosseini1*, Soheil Mansourian2, Mohammadreza Shoghli3, Hermon Eyob Fesseha4 , Rajesh Jain5 Submitted: 14 June 2024;Accepted: 10 July 2024; Published: 27 June 2024 1. Assistant Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2. Professor Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3. Doctoral Researchers, Department of Population Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 4. Hermon Eyob Fesseha: MD, cardiology resident, Peijas Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS), University of Eastern Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 5. Consultant Diabetes, Jain hospital & research Centre, Kanpur, India. Corresponding Author:1* Assistant Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. email [email protected] Abstract: This study examined 204 patients undergoing CABG surgery at Tehran Heart Center between Ordibehesht 1402 and Ordibehesht 1403 for postoperative complications. Objective: Investigation and Comparison of Complications in Single-Wire and Double-Wire Sternal Closure Methods Following Open Heart Surgery in Patients Referred to Tehran Heart Center from May 2023 to May 2024 Methods: Patients were divided into two groups of 102 each, with Group 1 undergoing sternal closure using a single-wire method and Group 2 using a double-wire method. Results: All patients were discharged after surgery and followed up for one year. The age range was 44 to 75, with 21 patients aged 45-55 (10%), 133 patients aged 55-65 (65%), and 50 patients aged 65-75 (24%). Both groups had similar age distributions. Of the total patients, 78 were female (38.2%) and 126 were male (61.8%), indicating a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in males. In Group 1, 37% were women and 63% were men; in Group 2, 39% were women and 61% were men. We compared four parameters between the two groups: infection, pain, stability, and tissue reaction. In Group 1, 8 patients (7%) developed superficial skin infections, with a readmission rate of 1%. In Group 2, 6 patients (5%) developed superficial infections, with one readmission. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates between the two methods. Regarding pain after surgery, 17 patients in Group 1 (10%) reported postoperative pain, which decreased to 2% after three months and disappeared completely after one year. In Group 2, 24 patients experienced pain, which also resolved within a year. However, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in pain rates between the two groups, indicating more pain in patients with double-wire closure. Conclusion: The two groups had no significant differences in stability and tissue reaction. Our study suggests that the single-wire closure method may lead to less postoperative pain in stable patients without risk factors, contributing to earlier recovery and improved quality of life. Methodology and Procedure: We conducted a comparative study on sternal closure methods following CABG surgery among patients treated at the Tehran Heart Center between 2022 and 2024. We divided all patients into two groups, each consisting of 102 individuals. Gender distribution and age demographics were carefully balanced between the groups to prevent selection bias. Patients with poorly controlled metabolic diseases were excluded from the study. Group 1 underwent sternal closure using a single-wire method, while Group 2 underwent closure with double wires. After performing surgeries on all 204 patients, they were discharged from the hospital and followed up for one-year post-surgery. The age range of the patients was from 44 to 75, with 21 patients aged 45-55 (10%), 133 patients aged 55-65 (65%), and 50 patients aged 65-75 (24%). Both groups had similar age distributions. Of the total, 78 patients were women, and 126 were men, consistent with the documented higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease in men. Group 1 comprised 37% women and 63% men, while Group 2 had 39% women and 61% men. We analyzed four parameters across both groups: infection, pain, stability, and tissue reaction. In Group 1, 8 patients (7%) developed infections from sternotomy, with one patient requiring readmission. Similarly, in Group 2, 6 patients developed infections, with one readmission. Statistical analysis using SPSS showed no significant difference in infection rates between the two closure methods. Both groups showed similar stability and tissue reaction outcomes, with no dehiscence or adverse tissue reactions observed. A sternal dehiscence is a catastrophic event in cardiac surgery. Both sternal closure methods yielded comparable outcomes in stable patients without risk factors. However, the double-wire method required a longer operation than the single-wire method. In the assessment of post-CABG pain, remarkable findings emerged. In Group 1, 44 patients experienced pain, with 32 having mild pain, 10 moderate pain, and 2 severe pain. In contrast, Group 2 had 55 patients reporting pain, with 40 experiencing mild pain, 11 moderate pain, and 4 severe pain. After three months, only one patient in Group 1 continued to experience pain, which resolved by the sixth month. Conversely, all patients in Group 2 were pain-free after six months. Statistical analysis revealed that 43% of patients in Group 1 experienced pain compared to 53% in Group 2. Based on these findings, we concluded that avoiding double-wire sternal closure in stable patients (those without poorly controlled metabolic conditions, risk factors, sepsis, or osteopenia) could enhance the quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes following CABG surgery. Introduction Currently, most heart surgeries are performed via midline sternotomy. This type of incision was first proposed in 1857 and gained popularity in 1957. Generally, sternotomy complications are rare; however, they are usually serious when they occur. The most common complications include infection and mediastinitis [1]. Sternotomy is a surgical procedure in which surgeons make a vertical incision along the midline of the chest. This approach replaced the previous bilateral thoracotomy method. Sternotomy became popular mainly because it is less painful than previous models, and it quickly became apparent that it could lead to problems such as infection or wound dehiscence [1].  Sternotomy is a surgical procedure in which the surgeon creates an internal vertical incision along the midline of the chest. This allows access to the entire chest area, including the heart and lungs [2]. This approach has several advantages, including less pain, better access to pleural cavities, and greater protection of chest muscles [7]. Overall, sternotomy is a relatively

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Cadeditors

Prof Dr. V. Seshiah, MD, FRCP, DSc, DSc, DSc., Patron Diabetes Asia & Associate Editor

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31, Ormes Road, Kilpauk, Chennai 10, Email: [email protected] and [email protected] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Veeraswamy-Seshiah https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veeraswamy_Seshiah Biography of Prof Dr.V. Seshiah Prof V Seshiah, MD, FRCP. D.Sc (Hony). D.Sc (Hony), D.Sc (Hony). An illustrious Journey of a distinguished diabetologist Prof V Seshiah, Honorary Distinguished Professor for Life, The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Chennai. Tamilnadu. Entered his 80th year on 10th March 2017 (now 83 yr). Prof Seshiah is a visionary, an astute clinician, a teacher of par excellence, and revered as the Father of Diabetology in India. One must know the length and depth of his work as an author and authority in diabetes, especially gestational diabetes. Day by day, year by year, and decade by decade, his work on diabetes has continuously enlightened clinicians. Path-breaking evidence became the source of guidance and reference not only in practice but also in policy decisions. His topics span all diabetes, especially hyperglycemia in pregnancy, epidemiology, and therapeutics. He is always entirely up to date. Prof Veeraswamy Seshiah was born in Perambur, North Chennai, Tamilnadu, on 10th March 1938 to Mr. V V Veeraswamy and Mrs. Bavanamma (a person with an aura of gold appearance). Prof Seshiah’s father was in Railways, and his mother was a homemaker. Other family members were his elder brother, Prof Dr. V Perumal, and a younger sister, Ms. Gajalaxshmi. His brother served as Director of Drug Control in Tamil Nadu, and his sister has been a housewife. The family lived at (Madras) Chennai throughout. Prof Seshiah, in his childhood, had been a frank and obedient child. Remembering an unforgettable incident, he said he met with an accident when he was five years old. They were asked to vacate and move out of Madras during the Second World Wartime to a village near Tindivanam. Once, he fell when he had a joy ride on a bullock cart with his playmates. His head came under the cart’s wheel, and it was a massive tearing of skin and scalp. It took months to recover from that injury, and that big scar is still present on the right lateral side of his scalp. Humorously, he said that he became very brilliant after that accident! After his intermediate, his father wanted him to do engineering because his elder brother was already in medicine, but he could not get through. His elder brother asked him to appear for Medicine and Engineering the second time. This time, he was cleared for medicine, and his brother backed him to do Medicine only; he says he was destined to do therapy. He joined the Madras Medical College in 1957, and this year, he will celebrate his Diamond Jubilee. In 1962, during the Chinese war, there was a shortage of volunteers joining the army; Prof. Seshiah volunteered to join the Indian army as a Lieutenant in the Army Medical Corps. In 1963, he became captain and was posted as a medical officer for the 1/3 Gurka battalion and then for the 7th Bihar infantry battalion in Jammu and Kashmir. In 1965, he took part in the Indo-Pak war at “Uri­ Poonch” Bulge, J&K. In recognition of his service in the war theatre, he was awarded two prestigious awards: “SAMAR SEVA STAR 1965″ AND” SAINYA SEVA MEDAL “with clasp Himalayas. Qualifications Year University M. B. B. S 1963 Madras university M.D (Gen Med) 1973 Madras university D.Sc (Hony) 1987 Colombo university FRCP 2008 Royal College of Physicians, Glasgow D.Sc (Hony) 2008 The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai D.Sc (Hony) 2016 Bharath University Professional Experience March 1963-1967 Armed Forces Medical Services March 1967-1970 Asst Surgeon, Govt Chest Institute March 1970-1972 Postgraduate in Medicine April 1972- 1973 April Asst Surgeon, Govt. Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital, Chennai May 1973- 1976 Feb Asst Prof of Medicine, Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital, Chennai   Feb 1976- 1978 Nov Asst Prof of Medicine & Diabetology Madras Medical College and Govt Gen Hospital, Chennai Nov 1978-1981 May Reader in Diabetology, Madras Medical College, Diabetologist, Govt Gen Hospital, Chennai. May 1981- 1991 Sep Prof of Diabetology, Madras Medical College, Diabetologist, Govt Gen Hospital, Chennai. Aug 1986- 2009 Feb Medical Director, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai Nov 1991- 1996       Emeritus Professor, Dept of Diabetology, Madras Medical College. Present Designation  Founder, Dr. Balaji Diabetes Care Center, and Dr V Seshiah Diabetes Research Institute                Recognitions RECOGNITIONS: He is a pioneer in the field of Diabetes in Pregnancy. In recognition of his work, he has been invited as a speaker/expert member of national and international scientific bodies.

Cadeditors

Dr Sadhana Tiwari, Assistant Editor Diabetes Asia Journal

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MD Fellow, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur [email protected] After completing my M.B.B.S from a reputable institution, I have chosen Obstetrics and Gynecology as my area of specialization due to its diverse nature. The need for surgical, medical, and patient care skills that cover a wide range of age groups, from pediatric to geriatric populations, is a challenge I am eager to take on. Professional Development Education Examination Year Institution/Board/ University   Details High School 2010 CBSE Board 1st Division 98 % Intermediate 2012 CBSE Board 1st Division 94 % MBBS Registration No. – 84647 2013-2019 MRA Medical College Ambedkar Nagar 71% M.S (Obs & Gynaecolgy) 2022-2025 GSVM Medical College Kanpur JR-III Papers & Publications 2. An article on Early detection & treatment of impaired glucose & hyperinsulinemia in early pregnancy to prevent Diabetes & cardiovascular disease in adults published in Journal of Hypertension Vol 41, e-supplement 3, December 2023 3. An article on the Demographic and clinical characteristics of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in the tertiary eye care center was published in the National Journal of Medical and Allied Science, Vol 12, Issue 1, 2023. 4. A case report on Rhabdomyosarcoma a rare case soft tissue tumor of extraocular muscle of eye published in International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) Volume 8 Issue 7 2023. 5. A poster on a study on the prevention of Gestational diabetes mellitus and its sequelae by administering Metformin was published in IDF Virtual Congress 2023. 6. An ongoing research paper on preventing Gestational Diabetes mellitus during the first trimester to improve pregnancy outcomes will be published in a Lancet manuscript. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sadhana-Tiwari-10

Cadeditors

Prof Dr. Anju Gahlot, Associate Editor Diabetes Asia Journal

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HOD, Department of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur [email protected] Professional Qualifications 1989-1991: (M.D.) Community Medicine Gajra Raja Government Medical College, Gwalior, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. Registration No: 9324 dated 24.09.2008, Medical Council India 1982-1987: Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Gajra Raja Government Medical College, Gwalior, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P. Registration No: 9324 dated 24.09.2008, Medical Council India Work Experience 30/11/88 – 29/12/91 (3 years): Senior Resident, Dept. of Community Medicine Gajra Raja Government Medical College, Gwalior, 20/08/08-31/09/12 (4 years 1 month): Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur. 01/10/12-31/09/15(3 years): Associate Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur. 01/10/15-Till date (5 years 6 months): Professor and head of the department, Dept. of Community Medicine, Rama Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur. PG teacher-MD 2012–till date 2024(12 years) Chief guide of – 18 MD students Life membership, IAPSM (Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine) Courses/ Workshops:       8. Resource faculty in a basic course in medical education  at Rama Medical College from 20/8/2024 to 1/5/2024 Paper Publications:      7 ( international), 14 (national), 4 (State) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anju-Gahlot-2

Cadeditors

Prof (Dr.) Rakesh Ranjan Pathak, Associate Editor Statistics Diabetes Asia

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Professor & Head, (Since 12.04.2019) (regd university PG teacher/ Ph D guide); Dept. of Pharmacology, GMERS Medical College, Morbi (Gujarat), India. Email: [email protected] and [email protected] (Σ teaching experience – 25 Years) (25 medical articles [including 1 editorial, 7 educational forum articles, and 1 metaphor]) Mandatory training Trained at Nodal Center in 1. revised basic 2. CISP 3. AETCOM) Resource faculty for MEU training in revised basic, CISP & AETCOM BCBR (87%) Experience *16.04.2001 – 11.11.2009 (tutor) 12.11.2009 – 24.02.2014 (Assistant Professor) 25.02.2014 – 11.04.2019 (Associate Professor) Referee, oral presentation/convener, biostatistics quiz/ expert, Panel discussion (BioCon; Sankalchand Patel University) Editor, IJBCP (Int. J of Basic & Clin Pharmacology) IJMSPH (Int. J Medical Sciences & Public Health) NJPPP (Nat J Pharmacology, Pharmacy & Physiotherapy), Diabetes Asia Journal Subject expert in teacher appointment, Kachchh University Govt appointed inspector, nursing college, Bhabhar (Gujarat) Professional Education *MBBS (IMS, BHU, Varanasi) *MD (Pharmacology), MBA(Healthcare service), T2TM(Harvard), CCMS(Stanford), ACSR( John Hopkins) (Med Biostat). Publications/Seminar Dissertation * Book (3rd ed from CBS publishers, N. Delhi) Folly and Fraud in Medical Biostatistics Chapter in Crucial Pharmacology Trends by Medical Pharmacology Society Oration (3), extra-curricular papers (10 on Indology), online articles (5), posters (13) Confer/ Symp/ Semin/ Colloq State National International 13 14 16 Workshop 1 3 10 Training 2 12 4 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rakesh-Ranjan-Pathak/research https://www.linkedin.com/in/rakesh-ranjan-pathak-25b8073

Cadeditors

Taherah Mohammadabadi   Bsc, Msc, PhD Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology

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Associate Editor Diabetes Asia Journal (DAJ), email: [email protected] and [email protected] https://www.linkedin.com/in/taherah-m-bb5695175/ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Taherah-Mohammadabadi Professor Dr. Taherah Mohammadabadi   Bsc, Msc, PhDFaculty of Animal Science and Food TechnologyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran Field and Interests: Dairy Products, Milk Quality, Camel Milk and Health Complications, Food Technology, Herbalist, Animal Science, Gut Microorganisms of Animals. She completed her PhD in Iran and Australia and has been a researcher at the University of Queensland, Australia. She has shared her research findings at various international conferences in countries such as [Middle East, Europe]. With over a decade of experience as an academic member, researcher, and teacher in the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology at the University of Khuzestan, Iran, she has demonstrated her expertise and leadership in the field. She has an extensive experience in academic supervision, having guided 10 PhD and more than 30 MSc students. She has also supervised more than 45 MSc and PhD theses. In addition, she has over 200 published publications, conference presentations, and scientific projects. Also, some books on phytochemicals and microbes, probiotics, bioactive components in livestock milk, gut microorganisms of animals, milk lactoferrin and health, and diabetes properties of camel milk.  She is a member of the editorial board and reviewer of many international and national journals. She has successfully completed several unique research projects, each of which has [specific unique aspect]. Currently, she is leading a pioneering project that aims to enhance the quality and medicinal properties of camel and buffalo milk through [specific innovative approach]. She isolated some biologic enzymes from animal gut microorganisms, such as tannin-degrading bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and cellulolytic bacteria, as probiotics. She is currently starting to isolate lactic acid bacteria from camel and buffalo milk and fermented products to make commercial probiotics for human health. Her work is not just theoretical, but practical, with a focus on enhancing the quality and health benefits of animal products such as milk and meat through dietary manipulation, inspiring potential real-world applications.

Cadeditors

Dr Rajesh Jain – MD, Editor

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Consultant Diabetes, MD, FRCP, PG Diploma Diabetes(UK) Director, Jain Hospital & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, Feb 2007 – Present Kanpur, UP, India, Email: Email: Email: Email:[email protected] & [email protected]   Ex. Project Manager, Diabetes Prevention Control Project, with National Health Mission, UP Chair, Diabetes Asia 58 papers presented at International & National forum 7 Book Chapters on Diabetes & Gestational diabetes & 3 Book. 132 publications on Diabetes, GDM, Nutrition, Hypertension & its complications in the index Journals. Collaborator, Global Burden of Disease Collaborator, Univ of Washington Project Reviewer, Medical Research Council MRC, UK Reviewer for Annals of Internal Medicine, DRCP, IJDDC, BMC Pregnancy, World Journal of Diabetes & 26 PubMed Journal Associate Editor World Journal of Diabetes Member of National Consultative Committee For GDM, MOHFW, GOI. Awarded for Largest Global Diabetes walk in Uttar Pradesh with National health Mission.. Author of Book ‘Avatar’ published by Penguin 4 Appreciation Letters received from Mother Teresa for Work on Destitute. Representative for High-Level (UN) High-Level Meeting on NCDs at United Nation. Professional Experience Surveillance Medical Officer Surveillance Medical offices-WHO, Polio Eradication & Immunization,May 2001 – Dec 2004, India   ICU ResidentPSRI Multispecialty Hospital, Jun 1999 to Jun 2000, Delhi, India  Education Post Graduate Diploma in Diabetes, Feb 2017 – Apr 2018University of South Wales, South Wales, UKMD (Public Health/ Community Medicine), May 1996 – May 1999Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, UP, IndiaMBBS, 1990 – Apr 1994Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, UP, India

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