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The effect of dried camel milk on Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Therapy

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T. Mohammadabadi1, R. Jain2, R. Shoghli3, S. Agarwal4, S. Tiwari4, S. Verma4, P. Taneja4, A. Pratap5.1Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Iran.2Jain hospital & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, Medicine, Kanpur, India.3University of Helsinki, Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.4GSVM Medical College,    Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kanpur, India.5SRTR Medical college, community medicine, Ambajogai, India Abstract Background Traditionally, in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, camel milk is consumed regularly to manage diabetes, and drinking it lowers the incidence of diabetes. Since fresh camel milk is not available to all people globally, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of camel milk powder in diabetic patients. Camel milk has immune-stimulatory properties on the beta-cells of the pancreas, enhanced secretion of insulin, and decreased insulin resistance in diabetic subjects[1] Aim Evaluation of Camel milk in Type 1 Diabetes: Blood parameters prospective study Methods: In this trial, 6 type 1 diabetic cases who had been on insulin for the last few years were selected and given 15-gram camel milk powder/day, equivalent to about 500 mL of camel milk, twice daily in divided doses for 3 months. Patients were not on any other medications except insulin or dietary regimens or exercises at least one month before the trial. Results The results showed a significant decrease in fasting and postprandial blood Glucose in patients fed camel milk powder, from 113 to 98 mg/dL (P = 0.001) and from 142 to 131 mg/dL (P = 0.02), respectively, after 3 months of taking camel milk powder. The LDL decreased significantly from 95 to 73 mg/dL(P0.02). Thus, camel milk powder may exhibit antidiabetic activity in patients with diabetes and improve cardiovascular health and other complications. The results also showed that the average required insulin dose before consuming camel milk powder was 42 ± 5 u/day, gradually decreasing to 30 ± 6 u/day (P = 0.02) three months after taking camel milk powder.

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Primary Neonatal Outcomes in metformin and MNT group in Early Trimester with Early GestationalGlucose Intolerance

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Primary Neonatal Outcomes in metformin and MNT g S. Agarwal1, S. Tiwari1, S. Verma1, P. Taneja1, S. Veeraswamy2, R. Jain3, P. Saxena4, A. Chandrasekar5, B.Natarajan6.1GSVM Medical College, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kanpur, India. 2The MGR Tamilnadu Medical University, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, India. 3 Jain Hospital & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, Medicine, Kanpur, India. 4 LHMC Medical College, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, New Delhi, India. 5 Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chennai, India.6 SRC Diabetes Centre-, Diabetes, Erode, India Abstract MethodA study included pregnant women at 8 to 10 weeks of gestation, divided into two groups based on their blood sugar levels of≥110 mg/dl. Those with high levels ≥110 mg/dl received two different interventions: Metformin-MNT and MNT only. Follow-up outcomes were done until delivery.ResultsPrimary Outcomes* The Adverse neonatal composite outcomes in the groups were 35 (37.6%) vs 55 (52.3), which were statistically significant (P = 0.038), but the Primary Maternal hypertension composite outcomes were not significant (9 (9.6%) vs 10 (10.7%), P = 0.80) (Table 1). IUD/Spontaneous abortion 8-28 Weeks and stillbirth are 20 (16) and 12(9.6) in the MNT Group compared to nil in the MNT-Metformin intervention group, which is highly significant.Conclusion: It’s important to keep maternal 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels below 110 mg/dL in the 10th week of pregnancy to prevent fetal hyperinsulinemia and improve maternal-fetal health.

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Early Management of Early Gestational Glucose Intolerance

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V. Seshiah1, P. Saxena2, A. Chandersekhar3, N. Bhavatharini4, G. Lakshmi5, B. .Madhuri6, S. Agarwal7,, S. Tiwari7, S. Verma7, R. Jain8 . 1The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR. Medical University, Chennai, India; Medicine, Chennai, India.2 LHMC, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, New Delhi, India.3  Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, India.4 SRC Diabetes Centre, Diabetes, Erode, India.5Chennai, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, India.. 6Diabetes in pregnancy study Group of India, Diabetes, Chennai, India.7GSVM Medical College, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kanpur, India.. 8Jain Hospital & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, Medicine, Kanpur, India. 1The Tamilnadu Dr. MGR. Medical University, Chennai, India; Medicine, Chennai, India.2 LHMC, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, New Delhi, India.3  Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, India.4 SRC Diabetes Centre, Diabetes, Erode, India.5Chennai, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chennai, India.. 6Diabetes in pregnancy study Group of India, Diabetes, Chennai, India.7GSVM Medical College, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kanpur, India.. 8Jain Hospital & Research Centre Pvt Ltd, Medicine, Kanpur, India.

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 4

The Asian Mosaic: Integrating Cardiometabolic Control and Adherence as One Narrative of Wellbeing

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Jose Donato Magno , Reinhold Kreutz , Aslam Amod , Atul Pathak , Chan Siew Pheng , Om Lakhani , Jeyakantha, Ratnasingam , Arindam Pande , Effarezan Abdul Rahman , Zaw Lynn Aung , Peter Ting , Fatima Jehangir , Habibie Arifianto , Nhat Giang M , Kang-Un Choi , Sirinart Sirinvaravong , Md. Farid Uddin, Thu Thi Hoai Nguyen, Nure Alam, Azani Mohamed Daud.The Asian Mosaic: Integrating Cardiometabolic Control and Adherence as OneNarrative of Wellbeing. Diabetes Asia Journal. 2026;2(4):45-56. https://doi.org/10.62996/daj.70052025

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 4

Screening of Diabetes Patterns among Patients of Rangpur Division

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Author: Moniruzzaman Monir1 , Raton Kumar Ray2 , Shovro Kumar Gosh3, Humayra Ahmed4 The increasing prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh, particularly within urban centers such as Rangpur Division, reflects agrowing public health crisis that demands urgent intervention. Community-based screening programs are essential for early detection, especially given the high proportion of undiagnosed cases across the country. A recent study conducted in the Dhap area of Rangpur City Corporation screened 70 individuals using fasting blood glucose (FBG),postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), and HbA1c levels to classify glycemic status into normal,prediabetic, or diabetic categories based on standard diagnostic criteria[1]. The findings revealed that the highest prevalence of diabeteswas observed among individuals aged 40–49 and 50–59 years, indicating a trend toward earlier onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to global patterns where peak incidence typically occurs at older ages.

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 3

A STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS OF A COLLEGE IN KANPUR

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Dr. Abhishek Verma1, Dr. Rajesh Jain2, Dr. Anju Gahlot³, Dr. Anas Ahmad khan4, Dr. Poonam Kushwaha5 , Resident1,Professsor2, Professsor3, Associate Professsor4 , Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur Introduction / Background •Obesity is a growing public health concern in India, with rising rates among young adults.[1]•College years fundamentally shape lifelong health behaviors.•Global and national efforts (like FSSAI’s Eat Right India Movement) promote healthy eating. Yet, local evidence of impact is limited.•Recent studies show ~9–24% overweight and 2–6% obesity prevalence among Indian medical students, due to lifestyle shifts and poor nutrition.[2] Results Baseline: 28% overweight, 6% obese; Major risk factors: Frequent junk food intake (42%), Low physical activity (61%), Family history of obesity (15%)

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 3

Expert Opinion on the Positioning of Sulfonylureas in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Emphasis on Gliclazide Use Across Diverse Patient Profiles

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Authors: AK Singh1, Binayak Sinha2, AG Unnikrishnan3, Sasikumar V4, Vageesh Ayyar5, R Srinivasan6, Sharvil Gadve7, AP Selvam8, Gaurav Beswal9, Abhiudayay Verma10,Bhavesh Kotak11, Deepak Bachani11, Simran Chhatwal11 Affiliations: 1GD Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India;2Fortis Hospital, Anandpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India;3Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India;4NIMS Medicity, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India ;5St. John’s Medical College & Hospital, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India;6Surya Clinic and Research Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India;7Excel Endocrine Centre, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India;8Aruna Diabetes Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India;9Good Hope Diabetes Thyroid Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India;10Superspeciality Endocrinology and Women’s Care Center, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India;11Department of Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, India Corresponding author: Dr. Simran Chhatwal, Department of Medical Affairs, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Email: [email protected] Diabetes Mellitus, a prevalent metabolic disorder, poses a significant global health challenge. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the most common form, arises from pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Effective management of T2DM is critical to prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Sulfonylureas, as insulin secretagogues, play a vital role in the management of T2DM. Despite the emergence of newer antidiabetic agents, sulfonylureas remain widely used due to their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and extensive clinical experience. This article explores the positioning of sulfonylureas in the management of T2DM, drawing on insights from recent expert discussions and advisory board meetings. The discussions underscored the benefits of intensive glycemic control, particularly in reducing microvascular complications, with sulfonylureas playing a significant role. Newer-generation sulfonylureas, such as gliclazide and glimepiride, offer improved safety profiles and reduced risk of hypoglycemia. Gliclazide, with its antioxidant properties and cardiovascular benefits, is preferred in patients with renal impairment or high hypoglycemia risk. Real-world practice indicates a preference for sustained-release formulations due to better patient adherence and more consistent blood glucose control. The article also highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches that consider patient-specific factors such as age, comorbidities, and lifestyle. Sulfonylureas, particularly gliclazide and glimepiride, remain integral to the management of T2DM. Their role is reinforced by their efficacy, affordability, and potential benefits beyond glycemic control. Ongoing research and real-world evidence continue to shape their optimal use, emphasizing individualized treatment strategies to achieve the best clinical outcomes.

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 3

Health-Seeking Behaviour among People Living with HIV/AIDS in India: A ScopingReview

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Muskan Rastogi¹ Prof Dr Sanjeev Dave 2, Dr Rashmi Pandey 3, Prof Dr Anuradha V Dave4, Dr Ridima Kamal 5 Affiliation(s):¹First Author, Master of Public Health Candidate, Indian Institute of Public Health, Odisha, India; 2 HOD Community Medicine, Autonomous State Medical College, Auraiy, Uttar Pradesh; 3 Asstt Prof Biochemistry, Govt Medical College Haridwar (Uttarakhand);4 Professor Community Medicine, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh;5 Consultant Public Health, AIIMS New Delhi Abstract Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major global health challenge, with India having one of the highest burdens of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite advances in treatment, many individuals face significant barriers to timely testing, care, and treatment adherence due to poor health-seeking behavior. Objective: This scoping review aims to synthesize existing research on the health-seeking behaviors of PLHIV in India and to identify the key factors influencing their decisions, to inform improved service delivery. Methods: We conducted a systematic search across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, following the PRISMA-ScR framework. The review included 17 peer-reviewed primary studies published in English, spanning from 2004 to May 2024. Data were synthesized using both descriptive quantitative and qualitative thematic analysis. Results: The review identified three primary barriers to health-seeking behavior: pervasive stigma, which delayed testing and treatment; social inequities, including gender and income disparities, that restricted access to care; and health system limitations, such as long travel distances and fragmented services, which contributed to poor retention. Conversely, the review found that peer and family support, as well as innovative digital health approaches, were key facilitators. The evidence base was concentrated in southern and western India, with critical gaps in central, eastern, and northeastern regions and among marginalized populations. Conclusion: Health-seeking behaviour among PLHIV in India is shaped by a complex interplay of social and systemic barriers. Based on these findings, we recommend targeted interventions to address these barriers, including stigma reduction efforts and the development of community-based, patient-centred care. Addressing evidence gaps in underrepresented populations and regions is crucial for informing scalable, equitable interventions in India. Keywords: Health-seeking behaviour, HIV, AIDS, India, Stigma, Barriers

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 2

Do Microplastics have any significant effect on Red Blood Cells? An In-depth study bySystematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract Background: Despite growing interest, there remains a critical knowledge gap regarding the toxicodynamic interactions between MPs and human erythrocytes. This study was done to consolidate emerging evidence on microplastics’ effects on red blood cells and interpret their implications for public health. Methodology: In this study, the studies were identified from multiple databases such as PubMed, Cochrane review, and Google Scholar, and all kind of data in any form of article was taken on 2 keywords: “Microplastics” and “RBC” from the last 20 years in the Literature. Results:  This systematic review of   63   articles provides consolidated evidence that MNPs interact directly with erythrocytes (RBCs), leading to oxidative damage, impaired deformability, and disruptions in oxygen transport. These effects are not isolated but form part of a broader cascade involving endothelial dysfunction, immune activation, and vascular complications. Most included studies report a statistically significant increase in haemolysis associated with the exposure under investigation, with effect sizes ranging from moderate (6%) to large (10%).   Conclusion: Given the pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment, including recent confirmation of their presence in human blood, these findings raise significant concerns about their potential haematological and systemic health effects. Regulatory bodies and public health institutions must prioritize further investigation, public. Keywords: Microplastics, Red Blood Cells, Human Blood, SystematicReview, Meta-Analysis

Blog, Vol 2 Issue 2

The Double Burden of Malnutrition and Diabetes in India: The Paradox of theThin-Fat Phenotype

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Sankalp Ghadei 1*, Deniza Patel 2, Jankhana Patel 3 1 Research Scientist, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, Pune; MPH Student, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar; MBBS Intern, Baroda Medical College, Vadodara;2 MPH Student, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar; 3MBBS Intern, Baroda Medical College, Vadodara Corresponding Author: 1*Sankalp Ghadei, Research Scientist, ICMR- National Institute of Virology Pune, Maharashtra, India-411021, [email protected] Abstract: Background: India faces a unique epidemiological paradox characterized by the coexistence of persistent childhood malnutrition (35.5% stunting prevalence) and an escalating diabetes epidemic affecting 77 million adults, projected to reach 134 million by 2045. This dual burden manifests through the emergence of the “thin-fat” phenotype—individuals appearing thin by conventional anthropometric standards, yet harbouring excess visceral adiposity and elevated type 2 diabetes risk. This phenomenon challenges Western paradigms linking obesity to diabetes, as Indians develop diabetes at significantly lower BMI levels than European populations. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 1990 to 2023. Primary data sources included the National Family Health Survey-5, ICMR-INDIAB studies, and WHO reports. Studies on Indian populations, malnutrition-diabetes relationships, thin-fat phenotype characteristics, and the health system responses were systematically analysed.Results: The thin-fat phenotype affects 43.3% of India’s population, with a higher prevalence in rural areas (46%) than in urban areas (39.6%). State-level analyses reveal an inverse relationship between malnutrition and diabetes prevalence, indicating different epidemiological transition stages. Kerala demonstrates low malnutrition (19.7% underweight) but high diabetes prevalence (25.5%), while Jharkhand exhibits severe malnutrition (39.6% stunting) with emerging diabetes concerns (7.2%). The phenomenon extends to household levels, with undernourished children and diabetic adults coexisting within families. Physiological mechanisms underlying this paradox include developmental programming through Barker’s and Pedersen’s hypotheses, altered adipose tissue distributionfavouring visceral fat accumulation, sarcopenic obesity, and unique beta-cell dysfunction characteristics in Indian populations.Health System Implications: Current approaches treating malnutrition and diabetes as separate conditions through siloed programs (ICDS and National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases) prove inadequate. BMI-based screening protocols miss 35-42% of thin diabetics, while healthcare providers lack training on dual burden complexities. The economic burden is substantial. Diabetes care costsrange from INR 5,000 to 45,000 annually, forcing 48.5% of families into distressed financing.Conclusion: India’s dual burden requires urgent, integrated health system transformation addressing both conditions simultaneously. Success demands unified screening protocols, comprehensive healthcare worker training, and coordinated policy approaches that transcend conventional disease categories to break intergenerational malnutrition and metabolic dysfunction cycles.

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