When preparing your manuscript, please adhere to the following guidelines to ensure that your submission is processed on time.

A.There are specific requirements for different article types:

1. Research Articles: These should describe unpublished original research outcomes, contributing substantially to knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. They should be supported by relevant figures and tabulated data and should not exceed 7,000 words.
2. Case Reports: These may briefly describe up to four cases of a particular unusual condition and provide new insights into diagnosis or clinical management. Case reports should be 1,500 words at most, with no more than four tables or figures and 20 references.
3. Case Series: These may report an unlimited number of patients and should be no more than 2,000 words, with no more than 4 tables or figures and 20 references.
4. Short Communications: They should provide a brief but complete account of work, presenting either new data or existing data to support the author’s conclusions. They should not exceed 1,500 words and can include a maximum of 2 tables, 1 figure, and 20 references.
5. Reviews: This category includes systematic, literature, scoping, and narrative reviews, which should be between 2,000 and 10,000 words.
6. Commentary: Commentaries can address hot topics of interest to the translational medicine community, and should be written in an easy-to-understand format, with a maximum length of 2,000 words.
7. News and Views: These contain updates and discussion pieces relevant to the journal’s scope.
8. Perspectives: These submissions should not exceed 3,000 words, with references limited to 80.
9. Correspondence/Letter to the Editor: This format should not exceed 1,500 words and can have up to 20 references. The article template and example of a published Case Report are available for download. When submitting your manuscript, please ensure that the title and abstract are the only components listed on the submitted file to maintain anonymous peer review.

B. Abstracts for research articles should be no more than 300 words, with up to six keywords listed below the abstract. The main body of the submission should be logically structured, with clear introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. Additionally, up to three level headings are permitted. These guidelines are meant to ensure consistency and quality in the submissions received. Thank you for adhering to these instructions when preparing your manuscript.

C. Supplementary Files: 1. Optional additional files should be provided in their final form and listed with a corresponding number, title, and description. These files should also be cited in the main text.

2. Reproducibility: If data, structured methods, or code used in the research project have been made openly available, a statement should be included informing the reader how to access these files, including the repository location and a DOI linking to it.

3. Ethics and consent: Research involving human subjects, human material, or human data must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Authors should include a statement detailing any approval from an appropriate ethics committee, including the committee’s name and approval reference number. Informed consent from participants (or their legal guardians) should also be obtained.

4. Experiments with animals: Must adhere to national standards of care.

5. Acknowledgments: Any acknowledgments should be placed in a separate paragraph after the main text but before the reference list.

6. Funding Information: If the research has received a grant, the grant provider and number should be detailed.

7. Competing Interests: If any authors have competing interests, they must be declared. If there are no competing interests, a statement to that effect should be included.

8. Authors’ contributions: A brief statement detailing the roles of each author in the submission should be provided.
9. References: All references cited within the submission must be listed at the end of the main text file.

10. Language & Text: Proper capitalization, spelling, grammar, font usage, and quotation guidelines should be followed. Lists should be used sparingly, and acronyms and abbreviations should be clarified where necessary.

When submitting your research for publication, please consider the following guidelines:

D. Figures & Tables

Figures, including graphs and diagrams, must be professionally and clearly presented. If a figure is not easy to understand or does not appear to be of a suitable quality, the editor may ask to re-render or omit it.

All figures must be cited within the main text, in consecutive order using Arabic numerals (e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.).

Each figure must have an accompanying descriptive main title. This should clearly and concisely summarise the content and/or use of the figure image. A short additional figure legend is optional to offer a further description.

Replace the entirety of this text with the main body of your chapter. The body is where the author explains experiments, presents and interprets data of one’s research. Authors are free to decide how the main body will be structured. However, you are required to have at least one heading. Please ensure that either British or American English is used consistently in your chapter.

E. Citing Sources  

When you are citing sources, the citations should be set in numbered format. All the references given in the list of references should be cited in the body of the text. Please set citations in square brackets, keeping the below points in mind:

Correct format: [4–6, 9]; [1, 2]

Incorrect format: [4-6,9], [4, 5, 6, 9], [4] [5] [6] [9]; [1–2]

The numbers should be listed in sequential order.

F. Figures and Tables

Figures must be high-resolution (300 dpi or higher). Acceptable image formats are .JPEG, .PNG, .TIFF, .BMP, .EPS, .WMF, .EMF or .PDF. Make sure to number your figures accordingly. Figures should not exceed 130mm (5,118 inches) in width, and 184 mm (7,244 inches) in height. Larger figures will be resized to fit within the appropriate dimensions.

Insert the figure caption beneath the Figure itself. If not part of the figure, figure legend is to be placed beneath figure caption. When referring to a figure in the body of the text, the word “Figure” is used. The order of main citations of figures in the text must be sequential.

Tables should not be submitted as image formats (i.e. .jpeg, .tiff). All tables must be in Portrait orientation and must be max 130mm (5,118 inches) wide.

Insert the table caption beneath the table. If not part of the table, the table legend is to be placed beneath the table caption.

All figures and tables must be cited in the text by number (e.g., Figure 1, Table 1). The full word is used, not an abbreviation (e.g., “Tab.”, “Fig.”). The order of main citations of figures and tables in the text must be sequential, from 1 to n, where n marks the last figure/table in the chapter.

Correct: Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 6, Table 8

Incorrect: Fig 1.1, Figure 1.1, Tab 4.3., Table 4.3.

Important! To reuse figures and tables that have already been published elsewhere, you are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s), for both the print and online formats.

G. Videos

You may submit supplemental video material for your chapter, and it will be featured as a link inside the text.

Always put a placeholder text in the body of your manuscript, in the place where you would like to have the video link placed. Video links can also be placed in a unnumbered section titled “Video materials” at the end of the chapter.

Any video file must be cited or referred to in the main text of your manuscript (i.e. Video 1, Video 2).

Allowed video file formats are: QuickTime movie (.mov); Audio file (.wav); MPEG/MPG animation (.mpg, .mp4)

Max size: 100MB.

Please note that the video and audio cannot be embedded, even in the online version of the chapter. Video must be uploaded as a separate file in a zipped archive.

Example: Video 1 available from (can be viewed at) http://bit.ly/29nKuLh

H. Equations

For equations, use equation editor programs such as “MathType” or “Microsoft Equation”.

Manuscripts with the equations imported as image formats (e.g. .jpeg, .tiff) are NOT accepted and will be returned to the Author for corrections. Equations are to be numbered sequentially, with Arabic numerals in brackets, from 1 upwards. (e.g (1)). When referring to a specific equation, please use the next abbreviation (Eq. (1)).

I. Acronyms and Abbreviations

Spell out acronyms at first use with the abbreviation following in parentheses.

If a term/expansion is a proper noun (i.e., the name of an organization, university, standard test and questionnaire, etc.), it should be set in Title Case.

Examples: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

In case of just a normal expansion of an acronym and not a proper noun, the term should be set as sentence case. Examples: polycistic ovary syndrome (PCOS), coefficient of performance (COP), genetic algorithm (GA).

Do not format the terms with boldface or italic, like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or quality assurance (QA). Commonly used acronyms (e.g. MRI, UNICEF, etc.) do not need to be explained.

J. Subsections

Your chapter will be divided into subsections. Please number section headings in their hierarchical order using Arabic numerals.

For example:

1. Introduction
2. Control and eradication strategies for animal brucellosis

 2.1 Management and biosecurity

 2.2  Indirect diagnostic tests

3. Conclusions

Appendices and Nomenclature

Place the appendix and nomenclature before the Reference list.

Conclusion(s)

It is preferable to include a Conclusion(s) section that summarizes the content of the book chapter.

Acknowledgments

Replace the entirety of this text with acknowledgments. Usually, the acknowledgments section includes the names of people or institutions who in some way contributed to the work, but do not fit the criteria to be listed as the authors.

This section of your manuscript may also include funding information.

K. Conflict of Interest

 “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

Notes/Thanks/Other declarations

Place any other declarations, such as “Notes”, “Thanks”, etc. in before the References section. Assign the appropriate heading. Do NOT put your short biography in this section. It will be removed.

L. References 

List only one reference per reference number.

Throughout the text, each reference number should be enclosed by square brackets (i.e., “in [1] …”, or as “in reference [1] …” or “Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore. [1]”)

(Note: It is not necessary to mention the authors of a reference unless the mention is relevant to the text.)

Phrases such as “For example,” should not introduce references in the list, but should instead be given in square brackets in the text, followed by the reference number (i.e.,“For example, see [5].”)

Multiple citations within a single set of brackets should be separated by commas. Where there are three or more sequential citations, they should be given as a range [2, 7-9, 13]. Therefore, formatting the references properly is crucial.

Examples:

Journal article (published): [1] Zanzoni A, Montecchi-Palazzi L, Quondam MX. Mint: A molecular interaction database. FEBS Letters. 2002;513:135-140. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03293-8

Journal article (forthcoming): [2] Zanzoni A, Montecchi-Palazzi L, Quondam MX. Mint: A molecular interaction database. FEBS Letters. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03293-8

Authored book: [3] Luque A, Hegedus S. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2011. 1132 p. DOI: 10.1002/9780470974704

Edited book: [4] Luque A, Hegedus S, editors. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2011. 1132 p. DOI: 10.1002/978047974704

Book chapter: [5] Ceccaroli B, Lohne O. Solar grade silicon feedstock. In: Luque A, Hegedus S, editors. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2011. p. 169-217. DOI: 10.1002/978047974704.ch5

Conference paper: [6] Kajihara A, Harakawa T. Model of photovoltaic cell circuits under partial shading. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT ’05); 14-17 December 2005; Hong Kong. New York: IEEE; 2006. p. 866-870

Webpage: [7] Solarex. SX-40 & SX-50 Photovoltaic Modules [Internet]. 1999. Available from: http://www.trichord-inc.com/pricing/frames/content/solar_power.pdf [Accessed: YYYY-MM-DD]

Thesis: [8] DenHerder T. Design and simulation of PV super system using Simulink [thesis]. San Luis Obispo: California Polytechnic State University; 2006.

Alternatively, please use the Vancouver referencing style to cite your sources. If your reference management software employs CSL referencing styles, please use the Vancouver (brackets) style available from:

M. As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission’s compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors who do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
2. Any third-party-owned materials used have been identified with appropriate credit lines, and permission obtained from the copyright holder for all formats of the journal.
3. All authors qualify as authors, as per the authorship guidelines, and have given permission to be listed on the submitted paper.
4. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines. 
5. All tables are cited in the main text and included in the text document.
6. Figures are all cited in the main text and are uploaded as supplementary files. Figures/images have a resolution of at least 150 dpi (300 dpi or higher preferred). The files are in one of the following formats: JPG, TIFF, GIF, PNG, EPS (to maximise quality, the original source file is preferred).
7. All patients included within case reports or other article types in which an individual or a group of individuals can be identified have signed consent forms, or had their guardian do so, giving permission to publish the submitted content under a CC-BY licence.
8. Research has been approved by an appropriate ethics committee, with the committee name and reference number included in the submitted file.

N. Copyright Notice

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier, greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

O. Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

P. Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission’s compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors who do not adhere to these guidelines.

To submit an article for publication in 2026, authors must satisfy specific criteria regarding authorship, manuscript preparation, and ethical compliance. While exact requirements vary by journal, the following standards are universally recognized. APC changes are waived off.

1. Authorship Criteria

Most reputable journals follow the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) guidelines, which require authors to meet all four of the following:

-Substantial Contribution: Significant involvement in the conception, design, or acquisition/analysis of data.

-Drafting & Revision: Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content.

-Final Approval: Reviewing and approving the final version to be published.

-Accountability: Agreement to be accountable for the accuracy and integrity of the entire work.

2. Manuscript submission

-Authors must adhere to the target journal’s Instructions for Authors (IFA). Common requirements include: 

            –Author names and affiliation:  you may include all identifying information (names, affiliations) in the main manuscript file or include them only in a Cover letter.

        Corresponding author’s details with email address.

             –Structure: Standard format typically includes: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and References.

             –Formatting: Specific word counts, font sizes (often 12pt Times New Roman), and reference styles (e.g., APA, or Vancouver) are usually mandatory.

             –High-Resolution Assets: Figures and tables must often be uploaded as separate files with minimum resolutions (typically 300 dpi for images). 

      3. Ethical & Legal Requirements

             –Conflict of Interest (COI): All authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that could influence their research.

             –Funding Statement: You must list all sources of financial support.

             –Ethics Approval: For studies involving humans or animals, you must provide the name of the ethics committee and the approval number.

             –AI Disclosure: If Generative AI was used for content generation or editing, it must be disclosed in the Acknowledgments or Methods section; AI cannot be listed as an author.

           –Originality: Authors must certify that the work is original, not previously published, and not currently under consideration elsewhere. 

      4. Submission Checklist

Before starting the online submission process, ensure you have:

          –ORCID iD: A unique digital identifier required for the corresponding author and (co-authors if available).

          –Cover Letter: A one-page document explaining why the work is a good fit for the journal and declaring any previous related submissions. Authors’ details and affiliations are mentioned.

      –Data Availability Statement: Details on where the research data can be accessed. 

      –Peer-Review and Publication time: 3-4 weeks for peer review and final Publication.